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human cervical cancer cells hela  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC human cervical cancer cells hela
    Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs <t>from</t> <t>U2OS,</t> <t>HeLa</t> and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).
    Human Cervical Cancer Cells Hela, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 10646 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Interplay between nuclear survivin and the PRC2 complex and its impact on H3K27me3-directed transcriptional repression"

    Article Title: Interplay between nuclear survivin and the PRC2 complex and its impact on H3K27me3-directed transcriptional repression

    Journal: Journal of Cell Science

    doi: 10.1242/jcs.264572

    Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs from U2OS, HeLa and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs from U2OS, HeLa and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Control



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    99
    ATCC human cervical cancer cells hela
    Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs <t>from</t> <t>U2OS,</t> <t>HeLa</t> and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).
    Human Cervical Cancer Cells Hela, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ATCC human cervical cancer cell line hela s3
    C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 protein interactions. ( A ) C16orf87 interacts with the HDAC and MIER proteins. Volcano plot of the IP-MS experiment showing identified proteins interacting with the Flag-C16orf87 protein in <t>HeLa</t> cells. An adjusted P -value cut-off of 0.05 and a log2 fold change cut-off of 2 were used. Data are shown from a biological triplicate experiment. ( B ) Lack of C16orf87 does not change HDAC and MIER protein accumulation. Soluble Panc-01 WT (WT) and Panc-01 KO (KO) whole-cell lysates were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. ( C ) C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation of Flag-HDAC1 from siRNA (siC16 and siScr) and pcDNA3-Flag-HDAC1-transfected HeLa cells. Isolated proteins were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. An arrowhead indicates the migration of the MIER1 protein isoforms, whereas an asterisk indicates the migration of the C16orf87 isoforms. ( D ) HDAC1 interacts weakly with C16orf87 in vitro. GST (as a control) and GST-HDAC1 pull-down with bacterially purified 8 × His-tagged C16orf87(Wt, 5 × C > A, 1–130, and 5 × C > A/1–130) proteins. An asterisk indicates a degradation product/partially translated GST-HDAC1. Proteins were detected with the anti-His and anti-GST antibodies.
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    ATCC human cervical cancer hela cells
    Effect of the genistein on EV71 replication in <t>HeLa</t> cell. (A) Cytotoxicity of genistein on <t>HeLa</t> <t>cells.</t> HeLa cells were treated with serially diluted genistein for 24 h, after which the cell viabilities were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8). N = 3 replicates in each concentration. (B) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h. At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with 10% DMEM or genistein (GET, 75 μM) for 22 h. Morphology was recorded using an inverted microscope. N = 3 independent experiments. (C) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Western blot analysis of VP1 was performed. Tubulin was used a loading control. (D) Corresponding to (C) the gray value ratio of the VP1 protein band to the Tubulin protein band was shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (*** P < 0.001). (E) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Relative mRNA levels of viral genome were measured using VP1 primers. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using T-test. (*** P < 0.001). (F) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Virus from the supernatant was collected for plaque assay analysis. Plaques in RD cells were recorded after diluting the supernatant 5000-fold. (G) Corresponding to (F) data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). (H) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Intracellular and supernatant progeny virions were titrated using RD cells to determine TCID50/ml. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test (*** P < 0.001).
    Human Cervical Cancer Hela Cells, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ATCC human cervical cancer cell lines
    Effect of the genistein on EV71 replication in <t>HeLa</t> cell. (A) Cytotoxicity of genistein on <t>HeLa</t> <t>cells.</t> HeLa cells were treated with serially diluted genistein for 24 h, after which the cell viabilities were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8). N = 3 replicates in each concentration. (B) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h. At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with 10% DMEM or genistein (GET, 75 μM) for 22 h. Morphology was recorded using an inverted microscope. N = 3 independent experiments. (C) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Western blot analysis of VP1 was performed. Tubulin was used a loading control. (D) Corresponding to (C) the gray value ratio of the VP1 protein band to the Tubulin protein band was shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (*** P < 0.001). (E) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Relative mRNA levels of viral genome were measured using VP1 primers. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using T-test. (*** P < 0.001). (F) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Virus from the supernatant was collected for plaque assay analysis. Plaques in RD cells were recorded after diluting the supernatant 5000-fold. (G) Corresponding to (F) data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). (H) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Intracellular and supernatant progeny virions were titrated using RD cells to determine TCID50/ml. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test (*** P < 0.001).
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    ATCC human cervical cancer cell line hela
    Cleaved IL‐18 induction by 5‐FU in cancer cells other than pancreatic cancer cells. (A) Representative images <t>of</t> <t>HCT116</t> and <t>HeLa</t> cells treated with 5‐FU for 48 h in low‐nutrient culture medium (×10). 5‐FU was used at 10 μg/mL for HCT116 cells and 50 μg/mL for HeLa cells. Detached HCT116 cells were observed only after 5‐FU treatment. (B) HCT116 cells treated with 5‐FU were collected as attached or detached fractions; all other samples were collected as whole cells. Lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. β‐Actin was used as a loading control.
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    ATCC hela human cervical cancer cells
    (a) Fluorescence confocal images of <t>HeLa,</t> <t>4T1,</t> MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    Procell Inc human cervical cancer hela cells
    (a) Fluorescence confocal images of <t>HeLa,</t> <t>4T1,</t> MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    DSMZ human cervical hela cancer cells
    (a) Fluorescence confocal images of <t>HeLa,</t> <t>4T1,</t> MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    ATCC human cervical cancer cells
    (a) Fluorescence confocal images of <t>HeLa,</t> <t>4T1,</t> MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs from U2OS, HeLa and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).

    Journal: Journal of Cell Science

    Article Title: Interplay between nuclear survivin and the PRC2 complex and its impact on H3K27me3-directed transcriptional repression

    doi: 10.1242/jcs.264572

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypoxia increases expression of EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin. (A) Immunoblots of WCEs from U2OS, HeLa and MRC5 lines cultured under normoxic or hypoxic environments (24 h). Blots were immunoprobed with anti-EZH2, anti-H3K27me3 and anti-survivin antibodies. Anti-Hif1a used to prove the hypoxic state had been induced, and anti-tubulin was used as a loading control. (B–D) Quantification of immunoblots represented in A from three independent experiments demonstrating that EZH2, H3K27me3 and survivin are all more abundant under hypoxia. Data presented are means±s.d. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post test).

    Article Snippet: Human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), human bone osteosarcoma cells (U2OS), retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and human breast cancer cells (MCF7) were originally from ATCC.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Control

    C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 protein interactions. ( A ) C16orf87 interacts with the HDAC and MIER proteins. Volcano plot of the IP-MS experiment showing identified proteins interacting with the Flag-C16orf87 protein in HeLa cells. An adjusted P -value cut-off of 0.05 and a log2 fold change cut-off of 2 were used. Data are shown from a biological triplicate experiment. ( B ) Lack of C16orf87 does not change HDAC and MIER protein accumulation. Soluble Panc-01 WT (WT) and Panc-01 KO (KO) whole-cell lysates were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. ( C ) C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation of Flag-HDAC1 from siRNA (siC16 and siScr) and pcDNA3-Flag-HDAC1-transfected HeLa cells. Isolated proteins were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. An arrowhead indicates the migration of the MIER1 protein isoforms, whereas an asterisk indicates the migration of the C16orf87 isoforms. ( D ) HDAC1 interacts weakly with C16orf87 in vitro. GST (as a control) and GST-HDAC1 pull-down with bacterially purified 8 × His-tagged C16orf87(Wt, 5 × C > A, 1–130, and 5 × C > A/1–130) proteins. An asterisk indicates a degradation product/partially translated GST-HDAC1. Proteins were detected with the anti-His and anti-GST antibodies.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: The C16orf87 protein is a subunit of the MIER corepressor complex controlling embryonic development and cell migration

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50740-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 protein interactions. ( A ) C16orf87 interacts with the HDAC and MIER proteins. Volcano plot of the IP-MS experiment showing identified proteins interacting with the Flag-C16orf87 protein in HeLa cells. An adjusted P -value cut-off of 0.05 and a log2 fold change cut-off of 2 were used. Data are shown from a biological triplicate experiment. ( B ) Lack of C16orf87 does not change HDAC and MIER protein accumulation. Soluble Panc-01 WT (WT) and Panc-01 KO (KO) whole-cell lysates were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. ( C ) C16orf87 partially mediates HDAC1 and MIER1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation of Flag-HDAC1 from siRNA (siC16 and siScr) and pcDNA3-Flag-HDAC1-transfected HeLa cells. Isolated proteins were analyzed by WB with the indicated antibodies. An arrowhead indicates the migration of the MIER1 protein isoforms, whereas an asterisk indicates the migration of the C16orf87 isoforms. ( D ) HDAC1 interacts weakly with C16orf87 in vitro. GST (as a control) and GST-HDAC1 pull-down with bacterially purified 8 × His-tagged C16orf87(Wt, 5 × C > A, 1–130, and 5 × C > A/1–130) proteins. An asterisk indicates a degradation product/partially translated GST-HDAC1. Proteins were detected with the anti-His and anti-GST antibodies.

    Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-01 (ATCC, CRL-1469) and MiaPaCa-2 (ATCC, CRL-1420), mouse skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 (ATCC, CRL-1772), and human cervical cancer cell line HeLa S3 (ATCC, CCL-2.2) were used in this study.

    Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Isolation, Migration, In Vitro, Control, Purification

    Effect of the genistein on EV71 replication in HeLa cell. (A) Cytotoxicity of genistein on HeLa cells. HeLa cells were treated with serially diluted genistein for 24 h, after which the cell viabilities were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8). N = 3 replicates in each concentration. (B) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h. At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with 10% DMEM or genistein (GET, 75 μM) for 22 h. Morphology was recorded using an inverted microscope. N = 3 independent experiments. (C) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Western blot analysis of VP1 was performed. Tubulin was used a loading control. (D) Corresponding to (C) the gray value ratio of the VP1 protein band to the Tubulin protein band was shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (*** P < 0.001). (E) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Relative mRNA levels of viral genome were measured using VP1 primers. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using T-test. (*** P < 0.001). (F) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Virus from the supernatant was collected for plaque assay analysis. Plaques in RD cells were recorded after diluting the supernatant 5000-fold. (G) Corresponding to (F) data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). (H) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Intracellular and supernatant progeny virions were titrated using RD cells to determine TCID50/ml. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test (*** P < 0.001).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Genistein inhibits the replication of enterovirus A71

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1787050

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the genistein on EV71 replication in HeLa cell. (A) Cytotoxicity of genistein on HeLa cells. HeLa cells were treated with serially diluted genistein for 24 h, after which the cell viabilities were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8). N = 3 replicates in each concentration. (B) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h. At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with 10% DMEM or genistein (GET, 75 μM) for 22 h. Morphology was recorded using an inverted microscope. N = 3 independent experiments. (C) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Western blot analysis of VP1 was performed. Tubulin was used a loading control. (D) Corresponding to (C) the gray value ratio of the VP1 protein band to the Tubulin protein band was shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (*** P < 0.001). (E) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Relative mRNA levels of viral genome were measured using VP1 primers. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using T-test. (*** P < 0.001). (F) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. Virus from the supernatant was collected for plaque assay analysis. Plaques in RD cells were recorded after diluting the supernatant 5000-fold. (G) Corresponding to (F) data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). (H) At 2 h post-infection, cells were treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Intracellular and supernatant progeny virions were titrated using RD cells to determine TCID50/ml. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test (*** P < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: Human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells (CCL-136) and human cervical cancer HeLa cells (CCL-2TM) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

    Techniques: Cell Counting, Concentration Assay, Infection, Inverted Microscopy, Western Blot, Control, Virus, Plaque Assay

    Genistein inhibited autophagy. (A) Cherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells, at 24 h post transfection, HeLa cells treated with rapamycin (Rapa; 8 nM), genistein (GET; 75 μM), or both rapamycin (8 nM) and genistein (75 μM) for 24 h. Immunofluorescence analysis was recorded. Scale bars = 10 μm. (B) Corresponding to (A) , the GFP-LC3 positive dots was counted by ImageJ (N = 3, *** P < 0.001, ns: no significant difference). (C) RD cells were treated with rapamycin (8 nM) or together with doses of genistein (GET, 0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 24 h. Then cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (D,E) is calculated according to (C) . Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: No significant difference, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001). (F) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, at 2 h post infection, cells were treated with genistein (GET, 0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. At 24 h post infection, cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (G,H) is calculated according to (F) . The quantification of relative VP1 and LC3II/Tubulin were shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001). (I) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, at 2 h post infection, cells were treated with 3-MA (2, 4, 6 mM) for 22 h. At 24 h post infection, cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (J,K) is calculated according to (I) . The quantification of relative VP1 and LC3II/Tubulin were shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Genistein inhibits the replication of enterovirus A71

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1787050

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Genistein inhibited autophagy. (A) Cherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells, at 24 h post transfection, HeLa cells treated with rapamycin (Rapa; 8 nM), genistein (GET; 75 μM), or both rapamycin (8 nM) and genistein (75 μM) for 24 h. Immunofluorescence analysis was recorded. Scale bars = 10 μm. (B) Corresponding to (A) , the GFP-LC3 positive dots was counted by ImageJ (N = 3, *** P < 0.001, ns: no significant difference). (C) RD cells were treated with rapamycin (8 nM) or together with doses of genistein (GET, 0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 24 h. Then cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (D,E) is calculated according to (C) . Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: No significant difference, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001). (F) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, at 2 h post infection, cells were treated with genistein (GET, 0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 22 h. At 24 h post infection, cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (G,H) is calculated according to (F) . The quantification of relative VP1 and LC3II/Tubulin were shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001). (I) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, at 2 h post infection, cells were treated with 3-MA (2, 4, 6 mM) for 22 h. At 24 h post infection, cells were collected for Western blotting analysis. (J,K) is calculated according to (I) . The quantification of relative VP1 and LC3II/Tubulin were shown. Data were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments); Statistical analysis of was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: Human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells (CCL-136) and human cervical cancer HeLa cells (CCL-2TM) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

    Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Infection

    Genistein induces G2/M arrest, which inhibits viral replication. (A,B) HeLa cells were treated with genistein (GET, 75 μM) or 10% DMEM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases of the cell cycle. (G2/M of Con vs. GET, ### P < 0.001). (C,D) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h, then treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the distribution of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, ** P < 0.01; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + GET, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + GET, ### P < 0.001). (E,F) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, then treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the distribution of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, *** P < 0.001; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + GET, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + GET, ### P < 0.001) (G–M) HeLa cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 24 h. Western blotting was used to analyze the relative protein levels of CDK4, CyclinB1, CDK1, CyclinE1, CDK2, and CyclinD1. Data were presented as mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: no significant difference; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001). (N,O) HeLa cells were treated with nocodazole (Noco; 20 nM) or 10% DMEM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, ** P < 0.01; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + Noco, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + Noco, ### P < 0.001). (P,Q) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h; at 2 h post-infection, nocodazole (20 nM) was administered, and at 24 h post-infection, cells were collected for Western blotting. Tubulin served as the loading control. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test. (*** P < 0.001).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Genistein inhibits the replication of enterovirus A71

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1787050

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Genistein induces G2/M arrest, which inhibits viral replication. (A,B) HeLa cells were treated with genistein (GET, 75 μM) or 10% DMEM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases of the cell cycle. (G2/M of Con vs. GET, ### P < 0.001). (C,D) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h, then treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the distribution of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, ** P < 0.01; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + GET, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + GET, ### P < 0.001). (E,F) RD cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 1 for 2 h, then treated with genistein (75 μM) for 22 h. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the distribution of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, *** P < 0.001; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + GET, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + GET, ### P < 0.001) (G–M) HeLa cells were treated with genistein (0, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 24 h. Western blotting was used to analyze the relative protein levels of CDK4, CyclinB1, CDK1, CyclinE1, CDK2, and CyclinD1. Data were presented as mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: no significant difference; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001). (N,O) HeLa cells were treated with nocodazole (Noco; 20 nM) or 10% DMEM for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of cells in G0/G1, G2/M, and S phases. (S of Mock + Con vs. EV + Con, ** P < 0.01; G2/M of Mock + Con vs. Mock + Noco, ### P < 0.001; G2/M of EV + Con vs. EV + Noco, ### P < 0.001). (P,Q) HeLa cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 5 for 2 h; at 2 h post-infection, nocodazole (20 nM) was administered, and at 24 h post-infection, cells were collected for Western blotting. Tubulin served as the loading control. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (N = 3 independent experiments); statistical analysis was performed using a T-test. (*** P < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: Human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells (CCL-136) and human cervical cancer HeLa cells (CCL-2TM) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

    Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Infection, Western Blot, Control

    Cleaved IL‐18 induction by 5‐FU in cancer cells other than pancreatic cancer cells. (A) Representative images of HCT116 and HeLa cells treated with 5‐FU for 48 h in low‐nutrient culture medium (×10). 5‐FU was used at 10 μg/mL for HCT116 cells and 50 μg/mL for HeLa cells. Detached HCT116 cells were observed only after 5‐FU treatment. (B) HCT116 cells treated with 5‐FU were collected as attached or detached fractions; all other samples were collected as whole cells. Lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. β‐Actin was used as a loading control.

    Journal: Genes to Cells

    Article Title: Molecular Mechanism of Caspase‐8–Dependent Interleukin‐18 Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Induced by 5‐Fluorouracil and Nutrient Starvation

    doi: 10.1111/gtc.70111

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cleaved IL‐18 induction by 5‐FU in cancer cells other than pancreatic cancer cells. (A) Representative images of HCT116 and HeLa cells treated with 5‐FU for 48 h in low‐nutrient culture medium (×10). 5‐FU was used at 10 μg/mL for HCT116 cells and 50 μg/mL for HeLa cells. Detached HCT116 cells were observed only after 5‐FU treatment. (B) HCT116 cells treated with 5‐FU were collected as attached or detached fractions; all other samples were collected as whole cells. Lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. β‐Actin was used as a loading control.

    Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa‐2 and Panc‐1), human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116), and human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Control

    (a) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Expanding the toolbox of bioorthogonal activation of photosensitizers for precise photodynamic therapy through transition metal-mediated deallylation

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102797

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after incubation with Pro-BDP-3 (5.0 μM) for 2 h with or without further incubation with RuL2 or RuL3 (2.5 μM) for a further 4 h (red fluorescence; λ ex = 633 nm, λ em = 650–900 nm). The cells being incubated with BDP-COOH (5.0 μM) for 2 h were used as the positive control. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst (1.0 μM) for 15 min (blue fluorescence; λ ex = 405 nm, λ em = 420–500 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (b) Corresponding mean red fluorescence intensities quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (c) Fluorescence confocal images of HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells after the aforementioned treatments and further incubation with H 2 DCFDA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by light irradiation (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 ) for 8 min to give a total fluence of 12 J/cm 2 (green fluorescence; λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm. (d) Corresponding mean green fluorescence intensities of DCF quantified by ImageJ. Data are reported as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). (e) Dark and photo (λ > 610 nm, 25.8 mW/cm 2 , 12 J/cm 2 ) cytotoxicity of BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 , RuL3 , and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 against HeLa, 4T1, MCF-7, and NIH 3T3 cells. The cells were incubated with BDP-COOH , Pro-BDP-3 , RuL2 , or RuL3 for 2 h. For Pro-BDP-3 + RuL2 and Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 , the cells were first incubated with Pro-BDP-3 for 2 h and then with RuL2 or RuL3 (0.5 equiv.) for a further 4 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (f) Photocytotoxicity of these agents at 5.0 μM and the combination treatments at 5.0 μM of Pro-BDP-3 against the four cell lines. The rightmost figure compiles the results for Pro-BDP-3 + RuL3 (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in quadruplicate. (g) Live/dead cell viability assay using calcein-AM and PI. The cells were treated as described above, followed by incubation with calcein-AM (1 μM) and PI (2 μM) in binding buffer (2 mL) at 37 °C for 30 min. The live cells were indicated by the green fluorescence of calcein-AM (λ ex = 488 nm, λ em = 493–550 nm), while the dead cells were indicated by the red fluorescence of PI (λ ex = 561 nm, λ em = 600–800 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: The HeLa human cervical cancer cells (ATCC, CCL-2), 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells (ATCC, CRL-2539), MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (ATCC, HTB-22), and NIH 3T3 murine embryonic fibroblast cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, ThermoFisher, cat. no. 11965092) supplemented with fetal calf serum (10 %) and penicillin-streptomycin (100 unit/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, Incubation, Positive Control, Staining, Irradiation, Viability Assay, Binding Assay